Two-beam interference detection of the changes in fibre structural parameters during low drawing process

A Pluta polarizing interference microscope with a fibre stretching device attached was used to detect the changes in molecular structure that occur during the fibre cold drawing process. Fibres drawn with low draw ratios show different types of deformation mechanisms. The interference patterns recorded at different draw ratios are used to relate the deformation mechanisms with the measured structural parameters. Some optical parameters are measured such as; refractive indices nand n birefringence n, the polarizability per unit volume , the orientation distribution function f(θ), the angle θ between the stretching direction and the chain axis, and the angle θ_m which the transition dipole moment of the molecular species makes with the molecular axis (chain axis). Three polymeric fibres (Polyethylene terephthalate PET, Polypropylene PP and Polyamide PA) were used in this study and their interferograms are illustrated.     

Determination of boron in water samples at nanograms per cubic decimeter levels by reversed-phase partition high-performance liquid chromatography with precolumn complexation reaction using salicylaldehyde and 1-amino-8-naphthol-3,6-disulfonate

A new method for the highly sensitive and selective determination of boron at nanograms per cubic decimeter levels has been developed based on the derivatization reaction of boron using salicylaldehyde and 1-amino-8-naphtol-3,6-disulfonate with reversed-phase partition high-performance liquid chromatography. A detection limit as low as 2.0 nmol/dm³ (22 ng/dm³) was achieved without any preconcentration. No significant interference was observed in the determination of 16 μmol/dm³ of boron with the addition of nine metal ions (Al^III, Cu^II, Co^II, Fe^II, Fe^III, Ni^II, Mn^II, V^V, Zn^II) at concentrations 100 times greater than that of boron without any masking procedure. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of boron in river water, tap water, doubly distilled water, and highly purified water. Figure Scheme of formation of boron-azomethine-H complex with salicylaldehyde and 1-amino-8-naphthol-3, 6-disulfonate     

随机利率下的风险模型

考虑随机利率情形下关于风险损失(或赔款)的随机风险模型.当随机利率取一般的独立增量过程时,得到了总索赔额精算现值的各阶矩.特别地,当独立增量过程为Wiener过程,损失分布为Pareto分布的情形下,给出了总索赔额精算现值各阶矩的具体表达式.     

Time-Reversed Dynamical Entropy and Irreversibility in Markovian Random Processes

A concept of time-reversed entropy per unit time is introduced in analogy with the entropy per unit time by Shannon, Kolmogorov, and Sinai. This time-reversed entropy per unit time characterizes the dynamical randomness of a stochastic process backward in time, while the standard entropy per unit time characterizes the dynamical randomness forward in time. The difference between the time-reversed and standard entropies per unit time is shown to give the entropy production of Markovian processes in nonequilibrium steady states.     

高电荷态离子40Arq+与Si表面作用中的电子发射产额

报道了在兰州重离子加速器国家实验室电子回旋共振离子源原子物理实验平台上，用高电荷态⁴⁰Ar^q+(1≤q≤12)离子作用于半导体Si固体表面时的电子发射产额实验测量.实验中，通过改变炮弹离子的电荷态和引出电压选取其不同的势能和动能，系统地研究了入射离子势能沉积和与其在固体中的电子能损对表面电子发射产额的贡献.结果表明，作为引起表面电子发射的两个主要因素，单离子的电子发射产额与炮弹离子在固体表面的势能沉积和电子能损都有近似的正比关系.     

Sensitivity of risk measures with respect to the normal approximation of total claim distributions

A simple and commonly used method to approximate the total claim distribution of a (possibly weakly dependent) insurance collective is the normal approximation. In this article, we investigate the error made when the normal approximation is plugged in a fairly general distribution-invariant risk measure. We focus on the rate of convergence of the error relative to the number of clients, we specify the relative error’s asymptotic distribution, and we illustrate our results by means of a numerical example. Regarding the risk measure, we take into account distortion risk measures as well as distribution-invariant coherent risk measures.     

风险非同质时索赔次数的分布拟合及其EM算法

本文运用EM算法,对于风险非同质时索赔次数的分布,分别给出了离散型多元风险模型,混合两伽玛模型参数的极大似然估计的迭代公式,并将其应用到一个实际问题中去,效果较好。     

二维伊辛模型相变临界点温度的模拟计算

用计算模拟方法计算了二维伊辛模型的相变临界点温度,其结果接近严格解,明显布喇格－威廉斯近似和贝特近似的结果。     

Critical comparison of radiometric and mass spectrometric methods for the determination of radionuclides in environmental, biological and nuclear waste samples

The radiometric methods, alpha (α)-, beta (β)-, gamma (γ)-spectrometry, and mass spectrometric methods, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, accelerator mass spectrometry, thermal ionization mass spectrometry, resonance ionization mass spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and glow discharge mass spectrometry are reviewed for the determination of radionuclides. These methods are critically compared for the determination of long-lived radionuclides important for radiation protection, decommissioning of nuclear facilities, repository of nuclear waste, tracer application in the environmental and biological researches, these radionuclides include ³H, ¹⁴C, ³⁶Cl, ⁴¹Ca, ^59,63Ni, ^89,90Sr, ⁹⁹Tc, ¹²⁹I, ^135,137Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ^226,228Ra, ²³⁷Np, ²⁴¹Am, and isotopes of thorium, uranium and plutonium. The application of on-line methods (flow injection/sequential injection) for separation of radionuclides and automated determination of radionuclides is also discussed.     

Optimization of inoculum to substrate ratio for enhanced methane yield from leather fleshings in a batch study

One of the most significant issues of the last few decades has been tracing for renewable energy sources. Animal fleshing (ANFL) is the most common proteinaceous solid waste accured during the production of leather and it must be disposed of in an environmentally responsible manner. This paper is attempts to assess the biogas production from solid waste originating from the chrome based tannery. Anaerobic digestion of these wastes will be a viable option for waste stabilization and energy production in the form of biogas to be utilized in the industry. The bio-methane potential of the wastes were examined by mixing these wastes with various sources of inoculum and different inoculum to substrate (I/S) ratio considered. The batch experiments were carried out in 2.5 l glass reactors with a various source of inoculumviz., Cow Dung (CD), Elephant Dung (ED) and Bio-Digested Slurry (BDS) with varied inoculum to substrate (LFs) ratios for a retention time of 50 days with replications. The results obtained from the experiments showed that BDS:LF (25:75) had the highest gas production of 14505 ml (651.85 ml CH₄g^?1 VS) followed by CD:LF (50:50) produced 12072.5 ml (789.36 ml CH₄g^?1 VS) and ED:LF (75:25) produced 11252.5 ml (1492.08 ml CH₄g^?1 VS)with a methane content of 63.77, 61.92 and 62.72%, respectively.